Ibyingenzi byingenzi bihindura amabwiriza yo kubahiriza umutekano

Gusobanukirwa Amabwiriza Yahinduye

 

Iyo bigezeamabwiriza ya transformateur, kubahiriza ntabwo ari ibyifuzo gusa;nibisabwa byibanze murwego rwumutekano wamashanyarazi.Kwirengagiza ibipimo ngenderwaho bishobora kuvamo ingaruka zikomeye, nkuko bigaragazwa nubushakashatsi bwerekana ko igice kinini cyananiwe guhindura transformateur gikomoka kubibazo bijyanye nigishushanyo, inganda, ibikoresho, cyangwa kwishyiriraho.Byongeye kandi, uburyo budahagije bwo kubungabunga bugira uruhare runini muri ibyo kunanirwa.Kubwibyo, gusobanukirwa ningaruka zijyanye no kutubahiriza gushimangira ko ari ngombwa kubayobora byuzuye kuri ngombwaamabwiriza ya transformateur.

 

Incamake y'amabwiriza ahindura

Akamaro ko kubahiriza

Kugenzura niba kubahirizaamabwiriza ya transformateurni ngombwa kurikurengera ubuzima n'umutungo.Mu kubahiriza aya mahame, abantu n’imiryango batanga umusanzu mu kubungabunga ibidukikije aho sisitemu y’amashanyarazi ikora neza kandi yizewe.Gushyira imbere kubahiriza ntabwo bigabanya ingaruka gusa ahubwo binateza imbere umuco winshingano zumutekano wamashanyarazi.

Inzego zingenzi zigenga

Inzego zishinzwe kugenzura zifite uruhare runini mu gushyiraho no kubahirizaamabwiriza ya transformateurkubahiriza amahame yinganda no kurinda umutekano wibikorwa.Amashyirahamwe nka komisiyo mpuzamahanga ishinzwe amashanyarazi (IEEE) bari ku isonga mu gushyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho ugenga igishushanyo mbonera, imikorere, no kubungabunga.Porotokole yabo ikomeye ikora nkinkingi zunganira ubusugire nimikorere ya transformateur kwisi yose.

 

Amabwiriza yihariye

UL,CUL, VDE, CEIbipimo

Gukurikiza ibipimo byemewe nka Laboratoire Yandika (UL), Ishyirahamwe ry’ubuziranenge bwa Kanada (CUL), Verband der Elektrotechnik (VDE), na Conformité Européenne (CE) ni ngombwa mu kwemeza umutekano wa transformateur.Ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana ibisabwa abahindura bagomba kuba bujuje kugirango bakore neza kandi bagabanye ingaruka zishobora kubaho.

ISO9001 Ibisabwa

Kwinjiza Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge (ISO) amahame yo gucunga ubuziranenge mubikorwa bya transformateur ni ngombwa kugirango ugere ku bwiza buhoraho no kuzamura abakiriya.Kubahiriza ibisabwa ISO 9001 bishimangira ubushake bwumuryango gutanga ibicuruzwa byizewe byujuje ibisabwa.

 

Amabwiriza ya Transformer mu turere dutandukanye

Amerika y'Amajyaruguru

Imiterere igenzurwa muri Amerika ya ruguru ikubiyemo amabwiriza atandukanye agamije guteza imbere umutekano w'amashanyarazi mu nganda zitandukanye.Gusobanukirwa nu karere ni urufunguzo rwo kuyobora urubuga rukomeye rwaamabwiriza ya transformateurneza.

Uburayi

Uburayi bufite urwego rukomeye rw’amabwiriza agamije guhuza ibikorwa by’umutekano n’ibipimo bya tekiniki mu karere.Gukurikiza amabwiriza yu Burayi byemeza ko abahindura bujuje ibisabwa kugirango bakore kandi bizewe.

Aziya

Isoko rya Aziya ryerekana ibibazo byihariye bijyanyeamabwiriza ya transformateur, bisaba gusobanukirwa byimazeyo amategeko yaho nibisabwa n'inganda.Guhuza n'inzego ngenderwaho muri Aziya ni ngombwa kugirango habeho ibikorwa bidafite aho bihuriye n'ubukungu bwifashe neza.

 

Ibipimo byingenzi byumutekano

Kurinda umutekano murikubaka transformateur, imikorere, no kubungabunga nibyingenzi mukurinda impanuka no kwemeza imikorere myiza.Gukurikiza amahame yinganda nkaNFPA 70naIEEE Bisanzwe C57.98ishyiraho urufatiro rwimyitozo yo kwishyiriraho umutekano.

 

Ibipimo byumutekano byubwubatsi

NFPA 70

• KurikiraAmabwiriza ya NFPA 70ubwitonzi mugihe cyo kubaka transformateur.
• Shyira mubikorwa bikwiye kugirango wirinde ingaruka z'amashanyarazi.
• Menya neza kubahiriza ibisabwa kugirango ukomeze ubunyangamugayo.

IEEE Bisanzwe C57.98

• Komera kuriIEEE Bisanzwe C57.98kubisobanuro nyabyo mubishushanyo mbonera.
• Kugenzura niba ibice byose byujuje ubuziranenge bwibipimo ngenderwaho.
• Shyira imbere ingamba z'umutekano mugihe cyubwubatsi kugirango wizere imikorere yizewe.

 

Ibipimo byumutekano kubikorwa

NFPA 780

• KurikizaAmabwiriza ya NFPA 780kuri sisitemu nziza yo gukingira inkuba.
• Kugenzura buri gihe no kubungabunga ibikoresho birinda inkuba kugirango bigabanye ingaruka.
• Kora isuzuma ryigihe kugirango umenye kubahiriza protocole yumutekano.

NFPA 850

• Shyira mu bikorwaNFPA 850 ibyifuzokugirango hongerwe kurinda umuriro muri transformateur.
• Shyiramo uburyo bukwiye bwo kuzimya umuriro ukurikije amabwiriza ya NFPA.
• Kurikirana hafi ya transfers yuzuye amavuta kugirango wirinde ingaruka zishobora guterwa numuriro.

 

Ibipimo byumutekano byo Kubungabunga

Amabwiriza yo Kugenzura

• Kurikiza byuzuyeamabwiriza yo kugenzurakumenya ibibazo bishobora kuvuka hakiri kare.
• Buri gihe ugenzure urwego rwa peteroli, amahuza, hamwe nuburyo rusange bwo guhindura ibintu.
• Kemura ibibazo byose byagaragaye bidatinze kugirango wirinde kwangirika.

Kubungabunga Amasezerano

• Shiraho imbaragakubungabunga protocolebishingiye ku nganda imikorere myiza.
• Kora ibizamini bya peteroli bisanzwe kugirango usuzume imiterere (Imashanyarazi).
• Kurikirana impinduka muriKurwanyaurwego buri gihe (Kurwanya Kurwanya) mu rwego rwo gufata ingamba zo gukumira.

Mugukurikiza byimazeyo aya mahame yumutekano, amashyirahamwe arashobora kugabanya ingaruka zijyanye nibikorwa bya transformateur kandi akanatanga umutekano muke kubakozi bafite uruhare mubikorwa byo kubungabunga.

 

Kwipimisha no Kubungabunga

 

Akamaro ko Kwipimisha bisanzwe

Kwipimisha bisanzwe ni ikintu cyibanze cyakubungabunga transformateuribyo byerekana imikorere myiza no kuramba.Mugukora ibizamini bisanzwe, amashyirahamwe arashobora guhita amenya ibibazo bishobora kuvuka mbere yuko bikura kunanirwa bikomeye.Inshuro yibi bizamini igomba guhuzwa nubunini bwa transformateur no kunegura, bigahuza nibikorwa byiza byinganda kugirango bikore neza imikorere.

 

Ubwoko bw'ibizamini

1. Kugenzura Amashusho: Igenzura ryerekanwa nkigikoresho cyambere cyo gusuzuma kiza nta kiguzi cyinyongera.Ubu buryo butuma abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga basuzuma neza imiterere ya transformateur, bakamenya ibimenyetso byose bigaragara byo kwambara, kwangirika, cyangwa bidasanzwe.
2. Gupima Amavuta: Gupima amavuta nuburyo bwingenzi busuzuma ubwiza nuburyo amavuta akingira muri transformateur.Iyo usesenguye icyitegererezo cya peteroli buri gihe, amashyirahamwe arashobora gutahura ibyanduye, urugero rw’ubushuhe, hamwe n’ibipimo byangirika bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere ya transformateur.
3. Gusikana Infrared: Gusikana Infrared ni tekinike idahwitse ikoreshwa mugutahura ahantu hashyushye cyangwa ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe budasanzwe mubice bya transformateur.Iki cyemezo cyo gukumira gifasha mukumenya ibibazo bishobora kuba bifitanye isano nu mashanyarazi cyangwa gusenyuka.

 

Ibizamini bisanzwe bihindura

Kurwanya Kurwanya

Ikizamini cyo guhangana ningaruka ningirakamaro mugusuzuma ubunyangamugayo bwa transformateur.Mugupima indangagaciro zo guhangana, amatsinda yo kubungabunga arashobora gusuzuma ubudahangarwa bwamashanyarazi no kumenya ibintu byose bidasanzwe bishobora gutera ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa imikorere idahwitse.

Ikizamini cya Megger

Ikizamini cya Megger, kizwi kandi nk'ikizamini cyo kurwanya insulasiyo, gisuzuma imiterere yimiterere ya transformateur.Iki kizamini gifasha mukumenya ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyangirika cyangwa imigezi ishobora guhungabanya umutekano wimikorere.

Guhindura Igipimo

Guhindura ibipimo bigereranya igenzura ryerekana impinduka hagati yibanze na kabiri.Ibinyuranyo muburyo bwo kugereranya bishobora kwerekana amakosa nko guhindukira kugufi cyangwa guhindagurika, kwerekana ahantu bisaba kwitabwaho byihuse.

Ikizamini cyo Gutakaza Umutwaro

Kwipimisha-gutakaza imizigo bikubiyemo gukoresha umutwaro kuri transformateur no gupima igihombo mubikorwa.Iki kizamini gisuzuma imikorere ya transformateur mugusuzuma igihombo cyamashanyarazi mugihe gikora gisanzwe, gitanga ubushishozi mubikorwa byacyo muri rusange.

Ikizamini

Ikizamini cyo kumeneka gikozwe kugirango harebwe niba hari ibimenetse muri transfert zuzuye amavuta bishobora kuviramo gutakaza amavuta cyangwa kwanduza.Kumenya kumeneka hakiri kare birinda ingaruka z’ibidukikije kandi bikanakora neza imikorere ya transformateur.

 

Uburyo Bwambere bwo Kwipimisha

AmavutaIsesengura rya gaze

Isesengura rya gaze ya peteroli nubuhanga buhanitse bukoreshwa mugukurikirana imyuka yashonze mumavuta.Mu gusesengura ingufu za gaze, abahanga mu kubungabunga ibidukikije barashobora kumenya amakosa adasanzwe nko gushyuha cyane, gutondeka, cyangwa gusohora igice muri transformateur.

Imashanyarazi

Igeragezwa ryingufu zingufu zisuzuma igihombo cya dielectric mubikoresho byokoresha insimburangingo bikoreshwa muri transformateur.Gukurikirana impinduka zingirakamaro zingirakamaro mugihe bifasha mugusuzuma imiterere yimiterere no guhanura ibizananirana mbere yuko bibaho.

Kurwanya Kurwanya

Ikizamini cyo kurwanya insuline gipima ubukana butangwa nibikoresho byokwirinda bitemba.Iki kizamini kigaragaza intege nke cyangwa kwangirika kwinyangamugayo, bigafasha ingamba zifatika zo kubungabunga umutekano mwiza kandi wizewe.

 

Kwinjiza no Gukora

 

Amabwiriza yo Kwishyiriraho

Gushyira transformateur bikubiyemo gukurikiza nezaumurongo ngenderwahokwemeza kwinjiza amashanyarazi muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi.Gusobanukirwa uruhare rwa buri kintu ningirakamaro mugushiraho neza, guherakugenzura KVAcyangwa MVA umutwaro kugirango wirinde kurenza urugero.Kubungabunga impindukayibanzegukurikirana urwego rwa peterolino gukumira kwinjiza amazi, kurinda kuramba kwa transformateur.

• Reba KVAcyangwa MVA umutwaro kuri transformateur mbere yo kwishyiriraho.
• Andika umutwaro kugirango urebe ko utarenze ubushobozi bwa transformateur.
• Kurikirana urwego rwa peteroli buri gihe kugirango ukomeze imikorere myiza.
• Irinde ubushuhe kwinjira muri tank kugirango wirinde ibibazo byimikorere.

Ibyifuzo bisobanutse

Ibyifuzo bisobanutse nibyingenzi haba mumbere no hanze yububiko bwa transformateur.Kuri transformate yuzuye yuzuye yashyizwe hanze, amabwiriza yihariye agomba gukurikizwa kugirango umutekano unoze.Ubwoko bwumye bwumye bwashyizwe mumazu busaba umwanya uhagije wo guhumeka no kubungabunga ibikoresho.

• Kurikiza ibyifuzo byokwemerera hanze ya flux yuzuye.
• Menya neza intera iri hagati ya transformateur kugirango uhumeke.
• Kwinjirira mu nzu bigomba kwemerera uburyo bworoshye kubikorwa byo kubungabunga.

 

Amabwiriza yo Gukora

Imikorere inoze ya transformateur ishingiye ku gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza yimikorere ashyira imbere umutekano nibikorwa.Gukurikirana no kugenzura ibipimo byingenzi nka impedance voltage ningufu zingirakamaro mugukomeza ibikorwa bihamye munsi yimitwaro itandukanye.

• Kurikirana impedance voltage buri gihe mugihe ikora.
• Komeza imbaraga zihamye kugirango utezimbere ingufu.
• Shyira mu bikorwaNEMAIbipimo bya ICS kubikorwa byizewe kandi byizewe.

Gukurikirana no kugenzura

Kugenzura ibipimo bya transformateur ningirakamaro muguhitamo ibibazo bishobora gutera kunanirwa cyangwa gukora nabi.Gusuzuma buri gihe urwego rwamajwi rwumvikana birashobora kwerekana ibintu bidasanzwe mubikorwa, bigatera gutabara mugihe kugirango wirinde kwangirika.

“Gukurikirana buri gihe amajwi yumvikana bituma hamenyekana hakiri kare ibitagenda neza.”

Uburyo bwihutirwa

Gushiraho uburyo bwihutirwa busobanutse nibyingenzi mukugabanya ingaruka mugihe ibintu bitunguranye.Kugira protocole ahantu hashobora kubaho nko gutungurwa kw'amashanyarazi gitunguranye cyangwa imikorere mibi y'ibikoresho byongera ingamba z'umutekano mu kigo, kurinda abakozi n'umutungo ibyangiritse.

Ati: "Uburyo bwihutirwa bwasobanuwe butuma igisubizo cyihuta mu bihe bikomeye, kugabanya amasaha yo hasi no kurinda umutekano w'abakozi."

 

Sisitemu Yihuta Yihuta

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaSisitemu Yihuta Yihutaitanga uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura umuvuduko wa moteri, guhuza ingufu zikoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda.Gusobanukirwa imikorere ya drives yihuta ishobora guhinduka ningirakamaro mugukora neza mugihe ukomeje kwizerwa mubikorwa.

• Koresha umuvuduko uhinduka kugirango ugenzure umuvuduko wa moteri neza.
• Kongera ingufu zingirakamaro muguhindura umuvuduko wa moteri ukurikije ihindagurika ryibisabwa.
• Porogaramu zinganda zunguka kugenzura neza gutangwa na sisitemu yo gutwara umuvuduko.

Kugenzura niba byubahirizwaamabwiriza ya transformateurnibyingenzi kubungabunga umutekano no gukumira ingaruka zishobora kubaho.Kubungabunga buri gihe bigira uruhare runini murikumenya no kugabanya ingaruka z'umutekano, kubungabunga umutekano muke no gukumira umuriro w'amashanyarazi no guturika.Mugukurikiza amabwiriza yingenzi namahame nkaUL, CUL, VDE, naCE, amashyirahamwe arashobora gushyigikira ubunyangamugayo bukora kandi bwizewe.Gushimangira ko bikenewe kwipimisha no kubungabunga buri gihe ningirakamaro mugukora imikorere ya transformateur no kuramba.Urebye imbere, gushyira imbere ibikorwa byumutekano bizaba ngombwa muguhuza n'ibizaza mu ikoranabuhanga rya transformateur.